Environmental Health And Safety Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Report Code: CMR 47024 Report Format: PDF + Excel

Overview

Environmental Health and Safety Market size is forecast to reach $11.08 billion by 2025, after growing at a CAGR of 12.40% during 2020-2025. The increasing number of regulations imposed by environmental protection and government agencies around the world is expected to be one of the major drivers of demand for the environmental health and safety market over the forecast period. It helps different businesses in reducing the risks associated with their operations and lower some of the top pressures of complying with environmental, health, and safety regulations

Report Coverage

The report: “Environmental Health and Safety Market – Forecast (2020-2025)”, by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Environmental Health and Safety Industry.


Key Takeaways

  • Government bodies are introducing affordable solutions, which may be easier for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt. This could also help the environmental health and safety market to increase its demand in the coming years.
  • The growth of the oil & gas industry in the country, along with the rapid recovery of the construction and manufacturing industries is expected to increase the demand for environmental health and safety market in the U.S. during the forecast period.
  • There is a need to fulfill several legal requirements and statutes to comply with EHS standards in different parts of the world. Corporates have been lavishly investing in a range of software platforms, thus expecting to contribute to the high growth of EHS tools.     
  • Personal protective equipment which includes a variety of garments and equipment such as coveralls, goggles, vests, gloves, earplugs, and respirators is a supplementary form of protection when hazards have not been controlled through engineering or administrative controls.

Environmental Health And Safety Market Segment Analysis - By Product

EHS Software segment held the largest share in the butane market in 2019. EHS software encourages efficiency, improves employee productivity, and ensures regulatory compliance. Maintaining a safe workplace and fully compliant operations is essential to any business. This is the main reason for governments to focus on enforcing various environmental, health, and safety standards that companies must follow to reassure the wellbeing of their workers and customers

Environmental Health And Safety Market Segment Analysis - By End-User

Energy & Mining segment held the largest share in the butane market in 2019. According to the World Bank, the world economy needs ever-increasing amounts of energy to sustain economic growth, reduce poverty and raise living standards. But today’s trends in energy use are not sustainable. As the world’s population grows and economies become more industrialized, nonrenewable energy sources will become scarcer and more costly. Hence, the dominance of the energy and mining sector is expected due to stringent regulations imposed on the industry players to ensure the safety of the environment as well as workers.

Environmental Health And Safety Market Segment Analysis - By Application

Industrial waste management held the largest share in the butane market in 2019. Due to the high level of water pollution and the lack of safe water sources in several parts of the world, the wastewater management segment has gained prominence over the past few years and is expected to continue during the forecast period. The growing adoption of EHS solutions in wastewater management applications are expected to have a major impact on the overall increase in demand

Environmental Health And Safety Market Segment Analysis - By Geography

Europe dominated the hydrofluoric acid market with a share of more than 45% during the forecast period.  Germany is projected to be the fastest-growing market for environmental health and safety market in Europe, followed by U.K. and Italy due to numerous manufacturers. Due to massive demand from petrochemicals and telecom IT industries and actively the growing manufacturing base in Europe, it will propel the environmental health and the safety market during the forecast period.

Environmental Health and Safety Market Drivers

Increasing number of regulations by environmental protection and government agencies  

Economic slowdown in several parts of the globe have led to significant corporate restructuring, mothballing and plant closures. These business decisions are, however, made taking into consideration the various environmental challenges posed by these decisions. There is an increasing need for eliminating long-term risks and minimizing environmental liabilities. These factors have led several agencies and governmental organizations to impose stringent compliance requirements across industries, with regards to the safety and health of personnel and ecological conversation. For instance, The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is a written program developed and implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures, personal protective equipment, and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous chemicals.

Environmental Health and Safety Market Challenges

High Installing cost of EHS software

Limited adoption of EHS tools by low-income business and expensive cost of installation of environmental compliance software are expected to hinder the growth of the market during the forecast period. Moreover, auditing services could be largely extortionate and complex, which acts as a threat to the environmental health and safety market. Additionally, competitive pressure from safety IIoT platform providers and the ongoing shift from on-premise to the cheaper upfront cost of cloud-based subscriptions are factors hindering the growth of market.

Market Landscape

Technology launches, acquisitions and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the insulated wall panels market. In 2019, the market of environmental health and safety has been consolidated by the top five players accounting for xx% of the share. Major players in the environmental health and safety market are Enablon, Intelex Technologies, VelocityEHS, Cority Software Inc., SAI Global Ltd, Dakota Software Inc., Gensuite LLC, ProcessMAP, Quintec GmbH and Isometrix among others.

Acquisition

In April 2019, US-based VelocityEHS acquired ChemTel Inc., a hazardous chemical transportation safety and compliance service provider. The acquisition helped the company in strengthening its chemical and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) management platform by incorporating ChemTel’s emergency response operations center and hazardous materials transportation consulting services.


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1. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Overview
        1.1 Definitions and Scope
2. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Executive summary
        2.1 Market Revenue, Market Size and Key Trends by Company
        2.2 Key Trends by type of Application
        2.3 Key Trends segmented by Geography
3. Environmental Health And Safety Market
        3.1 Comparative analysis
            3.1.1 Product Benchmarking - Top 10 companies
            3.1.2 Top 5 Financials Analysis
            3.1.3 Market Value split by Top 10 companies
            3.1.4 Patent Analysis - Top 10 companies
            3.1.5 Pricing Analysis
4. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Startup companies Scenario Premium
        4.1 Top 10 startup company Analysis by
            4.1.1 Investment
            4.1.2 Revenue
            4.1.3 Market Shares
            4.1.4 Market Size and Application Analysis
            4.1.5 Venture Capital and Funding Scenario
5. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Industry Market Entry Scenario Premium
        5.1 Regulatory Framework Overview
        5.2 New Business and Ease of Doing business index
        5.3 Case studies of successful ventures
        5.4 Customer Analysis - Top 10 companies
6. Environmental Health And Safety Market Forces
        6.1 Drivers
        6.2 Constraints
        6.3 Challenges
        6.4 Porters five force model
            6.4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
            6.4.2 Bargaining powers of customers
            6.4.3 Threat of new entrants
            6.4.4 Rivalry among existing players
            6.4.5 Threat of substitutes
7. Environmental Health And Safety Market -Strategic analysis
        7.1 Value chain analysis
        7.2 Opportunities analysis
        7.3 Product life cycle
        7.4 Suppliers and distributors Market Share
8. Environmental Health And Safety Market - By Product (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        8.1 Ehs Software
        8.2 Ehs Service
9. Environmental Health And Safety Market - By End-User (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
9.1 Chemical Petrochemical
9.2 Energy Mining
9.3 Healthcare
9.4 Telecom It
9.5 Construction
9.6 Manufacturing
10. Environmental Health And Safety - By Application (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        10.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management
        10.2 Industrial Waste Management
        10.3 Waste Water Management
11. Environmental Health And Safety- By Geography (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        11.1 Environmental Health And Safety Market - North America Segment Research
        11.2 North America Market Research (Million / $Billion)
            11.2.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.2.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.2.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.2.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.2.5 North America Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.2.5.1 U.S
                  11.2.5.2 Canada
                  11.2.5.3 Mexico
                  11.2.5.4 Rest of North America
        11.3 Environmental Health And Safety- South America Segment Research
        11.4 South America Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.4.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.4.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.4.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.4.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.4.5 South America Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.4.5.1 Brazil
                  11.4.5.2 Venezuela
                  11.4.5.3 Argentina
                  11.4.5.4 Ecuador
                  11.4.5.5 Peru
                  11.4.5.6 Colombia
                  11.4.5.7 Costa Rica
                  11.4.5.8 Rest of South America
        11.5 Environmental Health And Safety- Europe Segment Research
        11.6 Europe Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.6.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.6.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.6.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.6.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.6.5 Europe Segment Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.6.5.1 U.K
                  11.6.5.2 Germany
                  11.6.5.3 Italy
                  11.6.5.4 France
                  11.6.5.5 Netherlands
                  11.6.5.6 Belgium
                  11.6.5.7 Denmark
                  11.6.5.8 Spain
                  11.6.5.9 Rest of Europe
        11.7 Environmental Health And Safety - APAC Segment Research
        11.8 APAC Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.8.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.8.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.8.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.8.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.8.5 APAC Segment - Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.8.5.1 China
                  11.8.5.2 Australia
                  11.8.5.3 Japan
                  11.8.5.4 South Korea
                  11.8.5.5 India
                  11.8.5.6 Taiwan
                  11.8.5.7 Malaysia
                  11.8.5.8 Hong kong
                  11.8.5.9 Rest of APAC
        11.9 Environmental Health And Safety - Middle East Segment and Africa Segment Research
        11.10 Middle East & Africa Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.10.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.10.2 Revenue and Trend Analysis
            11.10.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.10.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.10.5 Middle East Segment Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.10.5.1 Israel
                  11.10.5.2 Saudi Arabia
                  11.10.5.3 UAE
            11.10.6 Africa Segment Analysis
                  11.10.6.1 South Africa
                  11.10.6.2 Rest of Middle East & Africa
12. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Entropy
        12.1 New product launches
        12.2 M&A s, collaborations, JVs and partnerships
13. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Industry / Segment Competition landscape Premium
        13.1 Market Share Analysis
            13.1.1 Market Share by Country- Top companies
            13.1.2 Market Share by Region- Top 10 companies
            13.1.3 Market Share by type of Application - Top 10 companies
            13.1.4 Market Share by type of Product / Product category- Top 10 companies
            13.1.5 Market Share at global level - Top 10 companies
            13.1.6 Best Practises for companies
14. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Key Company List by Country Premium
15. Environmental Health And Safety Market Company Analysis
        15.1 Market Share, Company Revenue, Products, M&A, Developments
        15.2 Aecom
        15.3 Aecom Technology Corporation
        15.4 Amec Foster Wheeler Plc
        15.5 Ch2M Hill, Inc
        15.6 Ehs Data Limited
        15.7 Environmental Health And Safety Consultant Pvt Ltd
        15.8 Environmental Resource Management
        15.9 Golder Associate
        15.10 Mott Macdonald
        15.11 Mwh , Inc
        15.12 Rps Group
        15.13 Sg S A
        15.14 Tetra Tech, Inc
        15.15 The Hse Group
        15.16 Triumvirate Environmental, Inc
        15.17 Company 17
        15.18 Company 18 & More
*Financials would be provided on a best efforts basis for private companies
16. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Appendix
        16.1 Abbreviations
        16.2 Sources
17. Environmental Health And Safety Market - Methodology
        17.1 Research Methodology
            17.1.1 Company Expert Interviews
            17.1.2 Industry Databases
            17.1.3 Associations
            17.1.4 Company News
            17.1.5 Company Annual Reports
            17.1.6 Application Trends
            17.1.7 New Products and Product database
            17.1.8 Company Transcripts
            17.1.9 R&D Trends
            17.1.10 Key Opinion Leaders Interviews
            17.1.11 Supply and Demand Trends

LIST OF TABLES

1.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
1.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
1.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
2.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
2.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
2.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
2.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
3.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
3.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
4.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
4.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
5.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
5.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
5.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
5.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.Global Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
6.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
7.North America Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
7.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
7.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
8.North America Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
8.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
8.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
8.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.North America Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
9.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
9.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
10.South America Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
10.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
10.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.South America Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
11.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.South America Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
12.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
13.Europe Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
13.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
13.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.Europe Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
14.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.Europe Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
15.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.APAC Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
16.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
17.APAC Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
17.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
17.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
17.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.APAC Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
18.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
18.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.MENA Environmental Health And Safety Market:Product Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
19.1 Ehs Software Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.2 Ehs Service Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
20.MENA Environmental Health And Safety Market:Application Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
20.1 Medical Pharmaceutical Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
20.2 Industrial Waste Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
20.3 Waste Water Management Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.MENA Environmental Health And Safety Market:End-Use Estimate Trend Analysis Market 2023-2030 ($M)
21.1 Chemical Petrochemical Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.2 Energy Mining Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.3 Healthcare Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.4 Telecom It Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.5 Construction Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.6 Manufacturing Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research

LIST OF FIGURES

1.US Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
2.Canada Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
3.Mexico Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
4.Brazil Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
5.Argentina Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
6.Peru Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
7.Colombia Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
8.Chile Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
9.Rest of South America Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
10.UK Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
11.Germany Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
12.France Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
13.Italy Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
14.Spain Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
15.Rest of Europe Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
16.China Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
17.India Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
18.Japan Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
19.South Korea Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
20.South Africa Environmental Health And Safety Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
21.North America Environmental Health And Safety By Application
22.South America Environmental Health And Safety By Application
23.Europe Environmental Health And Safety By Application
24.APAC Environmental Health And Safety By Application
25.MENA Environmental Health And Safety By Application
26.The Hse Group, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
27.Ehs Data Limited, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
28.Aecom Technology Corporation, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
29.Rps Group, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
30.Environmental Resource Management, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
31.Triumvirate Environmental, Inc, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
32.Sg S A, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
33.Environmental Health And Safety Consultant Pvt Ltd, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
34.Mott Macdonald, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
35.Ch2M Hill, Inc, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
36.Tetra Tech, Inc, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
37.Aecom, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
38.Golder Associate, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
39.Mwh , Inc, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)
40.Amec Foster Wheeler Plc, Sales /Revenue, 2015-2018 ($Mn/$Bn)