Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Report Code: AM 59657 Report Format: PDF + Excel
1. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Overview
        1.1 Definitions and Scope
2. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Executive summary
        2.1 Market Revenue, Market Size and Key Trends by Company
        2.2 Key Trends by type of Application
        2.3 Key Trends segmented by Geography
3. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market
        3.1 Comparative analysis
            3.1.1 Product Benchmarking - Top 10 companies
            3.1.2 Top 5 Financials Analysis
            3.1.3 Market Value split by Top 10 companies
            3.1.4 Patent Analysis - Top 10 companies
            3.1.5 Pricing Analysis
4. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Startup companies Scenario Premium
        4.1 Top 10 startup company Analysis by
            4.1.1 Investment
            4.1.2 Revenue
            4.1.3 Market Shares
            4.1.4 Market Size and Application Analysis
            4.1.5 Venture Capital and Funding Scenario
5. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Industry Market Entry Scenario Premium
        5.1 Regulatory Framework Overview
        5.2 New Business and Ease of Doing business index
        5.3 Case studies of successful ventures
        5.4 Customer Analysis - Top 10 companies
6. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Forces
        6.1 Drivers
        6.2 Constraints
        6.3 Challenges
        6.4 Porters five force model
            6.4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
            6.4.2 Bargaining powers of customers
            6.4.3 Threat of new entrants
            6.4.4 Rivalry among existing players
            6.4.5 Threat of substitutes
7. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market -Strategic analysis
        7.1 Value chain analysis
        7.2 Opportunities analysis
        7.3 Product life cycle
        7.4 Suppliers and distributors Market Share
8. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - By Product Type(Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        8.1 Market Size and Market Share Analysis
        8.2 Application Revenue and Trend Research
        8.3 Product Segment Analysis
            8.3.1 By Type
                8.3.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror
                8.3.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror
9. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - By Type(Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        9.1 Industry Environment
            9.1.1 Policy
            9.1.2 Economics
            9.1.3 Sociology
            9.1.4 Technology
        9.2 Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex
        9.3 Major Companies List
            9.3.1 Samvardhana Motherson Group
            9.3.2 Magna
            9.3.3 Ficosa
            9.3.4 Ichikoh
            9.3.5 Murakami Kaimeido
            9.3.6 Tokai Rika
            9.3.7 SL Corporation
            9.3.8 Honda Lock
            9.3.9 Flabeg
            9.3.10 Germid
            9.3.11 Konview
        9.4 Demand by End Market
            9.4.1 Demand in Passenger Cars
            9.4.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles
10. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror - By Application Type(Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        10.1 Segment type Size and Market Share Analysis
        10.2 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
        10.3 Application Segment Analysis by Type
11. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror- By Geography (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
        11.1 Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - North America Segment Research
        11.2 North America Market Research (Million / $Billion)
            11.2.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.2.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.2.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.2.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.2.5 North America Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.2.5.1 U.S
                  11.2.5.2 Canada
                  11.2.5.3 Mexico
                  11.2.5.4 Rest of North America
        11.3 Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror- South America Segment Research
        11.4 South America Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.4.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.4.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.4.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.4.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.4.5 South America Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.4.5.1 Brazil
                  11.4.5.2 Venezuela
                  11.4.5.3 Argentina
                  11.4.5.4 Ecuador
                  11.4.5.5 Peru
                  11.4.5.6 Colombia
                  11.4.5.7 Costa Rica
                  11.4.5.8 Rest of South America
        11.5 Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror- Europe Segment Research
        11.6 Europe Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.6.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.6.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.6.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.6.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.6.5 Europe Segment Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.6.5.1 U.K
                  11.6.5.2 Germany
                  11.6.5.3 Italy
                  11.6.5.4 France
                  11.6.5.5 Netherlands
                  11.6.5.6 Belgium
                  11.6.5.7 Denmark
                  11.6.5.8 Spain
                  11.6.5.9 Rest of Europe
        11.7 Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror - APAC Segment Research
        11.8 APAC Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.8.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.8.2 Revenue and Trends
            11.8.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.8.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.8.5 APAC Segment - Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.8.5.1 China
                  11.8.5.2 Australia
                  11.8.5.3 Japan
                  11.8.5.4 South Korea
                  11.8.5.5 India
                  11.8.5.6 Taiwan
                  11.8.5.7 Malaysia
                  11.8.5.8 Hong kong
                  11.8.5.9 Rest of APAC
        11.9 Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror - Middle East Segment and Africa Segment Research
        11.10 Middle East & Africa Market Research (Market Size -$Million / $Billion)
            11.10.1 Segment type Size and Market Size Analysis
            11.10.2 Revenue and Trend Analysis
            11.10.3 Application Revenue and Trends by type of Application
            11.10.4 Company Revenue and Product Analysis
            11.10.5 Middle East Segment Product type and Application Market Size
                  11.10.5.1 Israel
                  11.10.5.2 Saudi Arabia
                  11.10.5.3 UAE
            11.10.6 Africa Segment Analysis
                  11.10.6.1 South Africa
                  11.10.6.2 Rest of Middle East & Africa
12. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Entropy
        12.1 New product launches
        12.2 M&A s, collaborations, JVs and partnerships
13. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Industry / Segment Competition landscape Premium
        13.1 Market Share Analysis
            13.1.1 Market Share by Country- Top companies
            13.1.2 Market Share by Region- Top 10 companies
            13.1.3 Market Share by type of Application - Top 10 companies
            13.1.4 Market Share by type of Product / Product category- Top 10 companies
            13.1.5 Market Share at global level - Top 10 companies
            13.1.6 Best Practises for companies
14. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Key Company List by Country Premium
15. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Company Analysis

        15.1 Market Share, Company Revenue, Products, M&A, Developments
        15.2 Company 2
        15.3 Company 3 & More
*Financials would be provided on a best efforts basis for private companies
16. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Appendix
        16.1 Abbreviations
        16.2 Sources
17. Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market - Methodology
        17.1 Research Methodology
            17.1.1 Company Expert Interviews
            17.1.2 Industry Databases
            17.1.3 Associations
            17.1.4 Company News
            17.1.5 Company Annual Reports
            17.1.6 Application Trends
            17.1.7 New Products and Product database
            17.1.8 Company Transcripts
            17.1.9 R&D Trends
            17.1.10 Key Opinion Leaders Interviews
            17.1.11 Supply and Demand Trends

LIST OF TABLES

1.Global Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
1.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
1.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
1.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
1.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
2.Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
2.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
2.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
2.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
3.Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
4.Global Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
4.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
4.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
5.Global Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
5.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
5.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Global Industry Research
6.Global Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
6.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
6.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
7.Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
7.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
7.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
7.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
8.Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
9.Global Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
9.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
9.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
10.Global Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units)
10.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
10.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 (Volume/Units) - Global Industry Research
11.North America Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
11.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
11.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.North America Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
12.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
12.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
12.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
13.North America Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
14.North America Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
14.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
14.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.North America Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
15.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
15.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.South America Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
16.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
16.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
17.South America Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
17.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
17.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
17.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
18.South America Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
19.South America Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
19.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
19.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
20.South America Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
20.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
20.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.Europe Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
21.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
21.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
22.Europe Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
22.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
22.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
22.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
23.Europe Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
24.Europe Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
24.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
24.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
25.Europe Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
25.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
25.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
26.APAC Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
26.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
26.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
26.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
26.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
27.APAC Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
27.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
27.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
27.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
28.APAC Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
29.APAC Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
29.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
29.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
30.APAC Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
30.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
30.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
31.MENA Industry Environment Market 2023-2030 ($M)
31.1 Policy Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
31.2 Economics Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
31.3 Sociology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
31.4 Technology Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
32.MENA Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market by Type Market 2023-2030 ($M)
32.1 By Type Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
32.1.1 Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
32.1.2 Non-Connected Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market 2023-2030 ($M)
33.MENA Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Gentex Market 2023-2030 ($M)
34.MENA Major Companies List Market 2023-2030 ($M)
34.2 Magna Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.3 Ficosa Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.4 Ichikoh Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.5 Murakami Kaimeido Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.6 Tokai Rika Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.7 SL Corporation Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.8 Honda Lock Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.9 Flabeg Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.10 Germid Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
34.11 Konview Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
35.MENA Demand by End Market Market 2023-2030 ($M)
35.1 Demand in Passenger Cars Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research
35.2 Demand in Commercial Vehicles Market 2023-2030 ($M) - Regional Industry Research

LIST OF FIGURES

1.US Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
2.Canada Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
3.Mexico Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
4.Brazil Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
5.Argentina Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
6.Peru Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
7.Colombia Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
8.Chile Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
9.Rest of South America Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
10.UK Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
11.Germany Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
12.France Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
13.Italy Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
14.Spain Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
15.Rest of Europe Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
16.China Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
17.India Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
18.Japan Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
19.South Korea Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
20.South Africa Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror Market Revenue, 2023-2030 ($M)
21.North America Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror By Application
22.South America Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror By Application
23.Europe Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror By Application
24.APAC Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror By Application
25.MENA Global Automotive Auto Dimming Rearview Mirror By Application